A working reference for every stage of lithium-ion cell manufacturing. Choose a stage below, or use the Cell Production dropdown in the nav for quick access anytime.
Lithium-ion cell manufacturing runs through two parallel electrode lines (anode and cathode) that converge at ...
Before manufacturing begins, several ratios and targets are fixed at the design stage — most importantly the N...
Active material, conductive additive, and binder are mixed with a solvent into a homogeneous slurry...
The slurry is applied to a metal foil current collector (copper for anode, aluminum for cathode) at a controll...
The coated electrode passes through a drying oven to remove solvent...
The dried electrode is compressed between rollers to reduce porosity and improve particle-to-particle contact...
The calendared electrode roll is cut into precise widths for cell assembly...
Assembly brings the anode, cathode, and separator together into a finished cell format...
The cell undergoes its first controlled charge cycles, forming the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on...
Every finished cell is tested before shipment...